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How can we avo forgetting w-at we -ave learned? Now I would like to give you four suggestions. T-en I'll give you a bit explanation on eac- of t-em.
Suggestions
First, we need to learn words repeatedly wit- increasing intervals between learning sessions. Here, t-e most important term “increasing” intervals, 就是说这个间隔的时间要恰当。I will explain it later. （按照适当的时间间隔来温习新学的单词。）
T-e second we s-ould -ave t-e words. We -ave t-e words we want to learn wit- us w-enever we go. So if we want to learn t-ese words, we s-ould -ave t-ese words wit- us. So we can -ke full use of our time learning t-ese words. （时时刻刻，利用边边角角的时间去复习生词。）
T-e t-ird is set ase a regular time for vocabulary learning. （留出专门的时间用于单词学习。）
T-e last one, spend more time on t-e words you find difficult. All t-ese suggestions are not new to you, I guess. But you mig-t find somet-ing new later. （对疑难词汇进行重点攻关。）
Suggestion One
Ok. T-e first one. Increasing intervals. Now researc- in psyc-ology s-ows t-at we do not forget t-ings gradually. You see a psyc-ologist d researc-. Most of our forgetting occurs wit-in 20 minutes after we -ave first learned somet-ing. More is forgotten wit- one -our. Still more wit-in 8 -ours. After 8 -ours, t-e rate of forgetting stays surprisingly steady. You see, we do not forget t-ings gradually, bit by bit. Bit by bit. It’s not t-e case. So we forget more in t-e first 8 -ours. （心理学研究者做过一个测试：我们最易遗忘的时间段是我们接触新知识后的头20分钟。之后的1个小时我们又会忘记一些，然后8小时内又忘记一些。过了8小时，我们的遗忘速度就会趋于稳定。也就是说，遗忘是一点一点发生的，前8个小时忘得最快。）
So w-at s-ould we do? W-at s-ould we do? And actually, I will suggest you s-ould do revision everyday w-en you first learn t-e new words. And t-en you -y spend some time review t-e words once in a week. T-en later on, once in a mont-. So increasing intervals, I mean you learn frequently at t-e very beginning. T-en gradually, you can delay a little bit. T-e interval is longer and longer. But still you -ave to review t-em. Now t-is is t-e first suggestion. Increasing intervals. （针对这种遗忘规律，文教授提议：接触新单词之后，起初反复记忆，然后逐步拉长复习的时间间隔。）
Suggestion Two
T-e second suggestion is -ke full use of “dead” time. Dead. W-y I use t-e word in t-e quotation -rks? T-e “dead” time. Now w-en I say “dead” time, I mean t-ose time is not useful any more. You know, w-en you are walking on t-e way, w-en you are in a bus, w-en you are, let me see, w-en you are lying on t-e bed before you sleep. All t-ese time can’t be used for very important t-ings. But you can -ke full use of “dead” time to learn some words. And you can use your vocabulary notebook, you can use your electronic dictionary, just very -all, learn few words every day. Every day. Try to use t-is kind of time learning words, eventually your vocabulary will be expanding quickly. （利用一切可以利用的时间。行走中，公车上，睡觉前......这些相对来说不能做重要事情的时间段，你就可以分心用来背单词。一天记几个，积少成多，你就会发现自己的单词量突飞猛进。）
You do not need w-ole day learning vocabulary. Don’t do in t-is way. And you -y use just -all amount of time every day. Let’s say, in t-e morning, 20 minutes, in t-e afternoon, 20 minutes, in t-e evening, 20 minutes. Suppose you want to spend one -our, you’d better separate it into t-ree sessions, 20 minutes eac-. Suppose you want to learn vocabulary -alf an -our a day, -ybe you’d better dive t-em into two sections, 15 minutes a section. Don’t put t-em toget-er. （不要成天成宿地背单词，花费大段大段的时间记单词会降低学习效率。如果你每天计划利用1个小时背单词，那么就把这1个小时拆分成早、中、晚三部分，每次安排20分钟背单词。）
And t-en every day you learn a little bit. T-en eventually, at t-e end of t-e week, you -ave spent about -alf an -our putting all t-ese words toget-er, go over t-em. Later I will mention, don’t go over all t-e words. You -ave to select some of t-em to focus your attention. Now electronic dictionary also is a good way to learn words, because t-ere is a sort of file for you to put t-ose difficult words, rig-t? Just put in your pocket. You can learn t-em anytime you can do it. （一天记一点，周末抽出半小时有侧重点地巩固一周的学习成果。可以利用电子辞典的归档功能筛选出疑难词汇，然后放在身边随时翻阅。）
Suggestion T-ree
And suggestion 3. And my suggestion is daily revision. Ten minutes a day. Weekly revision. One -our a week. Mont-ly revision. One -our a mont-. So t-at intervals, t-e first is a week, t-e next is a mont-. （除了学习新单词，还要注意复习这些单词。一天十分钟，一周一小时，一个月一小时&mdas-;&mdas-;以这种频率不断温习这些单词，必能收到良好的效果。）
Suggestion Four
And t-e final suggestion is to spend more time on t-e words you find difficult. I found some students would like to go down a list from t-e first to t-e last, trying to memorize eac- one. You’ve got a vocabulary list. From first to t-e end. From t-e first to t-e end. Every day, t-ey follow t-e same pattern. （重点记忆自己认为比较难的单词。不要年复一年地拿着词汇大纲从头看到尾。）
Now t-ere are two problems for t-is kind of practice. T-e words at t-e top of t-e list tend to be remembered better. T-en t-e words furt-er down. Rig-t? Time is wasted on t-e words t-at -ave been learned. W-at can be done? I’ll give you an example. T-is example is given by a researc-er. （不要把复习单词的时间浪费在已经记住的单词上面。）
Now I give you t-e footnote t-ere. Suppose you -ave got t-ese new words in one text: rewarding, frustrating, junior, positive, senior, opportunity, online, tec-nology, participate, virtual, virtual classroom. Ok. You’ve got so -ny words. Suppose all t-ese words you are asked to learn. And you remember t-em at t-e end of t-e day. Let’s say. In t-e evening, you remember t-em. And tomorrow you go over t-em again. You found you forgot -ny of t-em. You only remember few of t-em. （举例来说，粗体部分是你要学习的新单词。头天你学习完毕，第二天复习的时候你发现只记住了其中的几个，却忘记了大多数。）
So w-at s-ould you do tomorrow? S-ould you go over t-em from t-e beginning to t-e end again? No. So t-is is t-e suggestion. If you, suppose you remember t-ese words, junior, positive, senior, online, virtual, if you remember t-ese words, put t-ese words in anot-er column. And t-en you only focus on, next day, you only focus your attention on t-e re-ining five words. Don’t go over ten words again. Focus on five words. Ok. （那么，你不必再复习已经掌握的部分【比如说粗体标出的单词】，你只需复习你没有记住的另5个单词。）
So you classify t-ese words into t-ree types. If you are familiar wit- t-em, you review t-em once. And t-en you review t-em once in a week. If you review t-em once in a week, no problem at all. You put t-em in a mont-ly column. So you review t-em once for a mont-. （你可以做一张三列的表，三列的标题分别为：daily， weekly 和mont-ly。起初，所有的单词都放在daily这列，第二天复习的时候，记住的单词就可以挪到weekly这列，如果周复习的时候你仍然记得它们，就可以将之挪到mont-ly这列。）
But for t-ose words, if you can not remember daily, you -ave to review t-em again and again. But t-e words become fewer and fewer. Not so -ny. So you can focus your attention on t-ose t-ings w-ic- are very difficult for you. T-is work -kes learning more efficient. （如果放在daily栏中的单词始终记不住，那么就让它们始终呆在daily栏中，天天强化记忆。坚持使用这种方法，你会始终关注你最需要关注的单词，提高效率不说，你也会发现daily栏中的单词最终全部挪到mont-ly栏中，并永远刻在你的脑海中，一辈子无法遗忘。）
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